The first satellite dedicated to monitoring carbon dioxide emissions was launched into space Friday from a center in Japan, where officials hope to gather information on climate change — and help the country compete in the lucrative satellite-launching business. The satellite — named “Ibuki,” which means “breath” — was sent into orbit along with seven other piggyback probes on a Japanese H2A rocket. Japan’s space agency, JAXA, said the launch was a success, but officials there said they were monitoring the satellites to make sure that they entered orbit properly.