Reuters: European Union countries that make heavy cars, led by Germany, clashed on Monday with makers of smaller ones such as France over tough measures to force automobile manufacturers to cut carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. In December, the executive European Commission proposed steep penalties for car makers whose fleet exceeds an average of 120 grams per km of CO2 — the main greenhouse gas blamed for climate change. The EU executive favours fines based on a system of CO2 emission …